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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization into an M2-Like Phenotype using a Human Monocyte-Like THP-1 Leukemia Cell Line
Published on: August 2, 2021
Physical energy-based ultrasound shifts M1 macrophage differentiation towards M2 state
Hao-Cheng Qin1, Zhi-Wen Luo2, Yu-Lian Zhu3
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Abstract:
Recently, we read with interest the article entitled "Unveiling the Morphogenetic Code: A New Path at the Intersection of Physical Energies and Chemical Signaling". In this paper, the investigation into the systematic and comprehensive bio-effects of physical energies prompted us to reflect on our research. We believe that ultrasound, which possesses a special physical energy, also has a certain positive regulatory effect on macrophages, and we have already obtained some preliminary research results that support our hypothesis.
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