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Maurizio Giuseppe Abrignani1, Alberto Lombardo2, Annabella Braschi3

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Meteorological factors, including temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, significantly impact cardiovascular disease rates. Climate change may exacerbate these risks, highlighting the need for further research into weather

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiology
  • Climatology

Background:

  • Classical risk factors inadequately explain cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence variations.
  • Emerging evidence suggests meteorological factors influence heart diseases, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, aortic dissection, and stroke.
  • The impact of climate change on ambient temperatures and climatic fluctuations necessitates understanding its effects on cardiac health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing evidence on the consequences of climate conditions for cardiac health.
  • To explore potential implications of weather patterns and climate change on cardiovascular diseases.
  • To identify knowledge gaps, particularly regarding individual exposure data and varying population susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies investigating the relationship between meteorological variables and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of the 'U'-shaped relationship between ambient temperature and cardiovascular mortality/incidence.
  • Consideration of various climatic factors: temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, sunlight, wind, and precipitation.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to cold, heat, and heat waves is linked to increased risk of acute coronary syndromes.
  • A 'U'-shaped curve describes the association between temperature and cardiovascular mortality and incidence.
  • Other climatic variables like humidity and atmospheric pressure are hypothesized to affect CVD rates, though individual exposure data is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Weather and climate conditions represent significant, yet often overlooked, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Climate change may amplify these risks through increasing temperatures and climatic fluctuations.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate complex pathophysiological pathways and develop targeted public health strategies.