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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
15.3K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

42.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
42.8K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
678
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

61.9K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
61.9K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

24.3K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
24.3K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.1K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.1K

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Related Experiment Video

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Conformational design concepts for anions in ionic liquids.

Frederik Philippi1, David Pugh1,2, Daniel Rauber3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK patricia.hunt@vuw.ac.nz.

Chemical Science
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers designed new ionic liquids (ILs) using computational methods and molecular building blocks. This approach allows tailoring IL properties like ion diffusion and viscosity for specific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties but require precise design strategies.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for developing novel ILs.
  • In silico methods provide a powerful platform for predicting IL behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish design concepts for in silico development of ionic liquids.
  • To systematically investigate the impact of anion structure on IL properties.
  • To synthesize and characterize novel ILs with tailored characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations to explore potential energy surfaces of IL anions.
  • Systematic modification of anion functional groups (imide, sulfonyl, trifluoromethyl).
  • Synthesis of novel ILs and experimental characterization using X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Design concepts successfully predicted and tuned minimum energy geometry, transition states, and conformer stability.
  • Computationally predicted structures of novel anions [N(Ms)(TFA)]- and [N(Tf)(Ac)]- agreed with experimental crystallography.
  • Flexible [N(Tf)(Ac)]- IL showed significantly increased ion diffusion and lower viscosity compared to rigid [N(Ms)(TFA)]- IL.

Conclusions:

  • Established design concepts enable targeted modification of IL anion structures.
  • Anion flexibility is a key factor influencing IL ion diffusion and viscosity.
  • This work provides a framework for designing ILs with specific, desired properties for industrial and academic applications.