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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models
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Novel Immunotherapies for Osteosarcoma.

Yubao Lu1, Jiahe Zhang2, Yutong Chen2

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common bone cancer in young adults, often leading to fatal metastasis. This review explores the OS tumor microenvironment and promising immunotherapies to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR TPD-1TCR TTIL Tcancer vaccinesimmune microenvironmentimmunotherapiesosteosarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone cancer, predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults.
  • Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, survival rates for metastatic or recurrent OS remain low (20%), highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The complex tumor microenvironment and pathological mechanisms driving OS progression and metastasis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.
  • To appraise the potential of various immunotherapies in managing osteosarcoma.
  • To identify promising therapeutic avenues beyond conventional treatments for osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on osteosarcoma.
  • Analysis of the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcoma is a highly heterogeneous cancer with incompletely understood mechanisms of progression and metastasis.
  • Conventional treatments show limited efficacy against metastatic or recurrent disease.
  • Immunotherapy presents a promising avenue for overcoming treatment resistance in osteosarcoma.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapeutic strategies, particularly immunotherapy, are crucial for improving survival rates in osteosarcoma patients.
  • Understanding the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment is key to developing effective immunotherapeutic treatments.
  • Immunotherapy holds significant promise for managing osteosarcoma, especially in cases resistant to traditional therapies.