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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Cas13d: A New Molecular Scissor for Transcriptome Engineering.

Rahul Gupta1, Arijit Ghosh2, Rudra Chakravarti2

  • 1Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.

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|April 18, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CRISPR-Cas13d system offers precise RNA manipulation without DNA alteration, overcoming limitations of DNA-targeting CRISPR tools. Cas13d shows superior efficiency and specificity for RNA engineering and editing applications.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas13dCasRxRNA editingtranscriptome engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems, including Cas9 and Cas12, revolutionized genetic engineering but face limitations in RNA manipulation due to off-target DNA effects.
  • The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, a type VI RNA-targeting effector, enables programmable single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) manipulation without DNA alteration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural and mechanistic properties of the type VI CRISPR-Cas13d system.
  • To provide an overview of current applications of Cas13d in RNA engineering and editing.
  • To explore the prospects of Cas13d-based tools for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CRISPR-Cas13d systems.
  • Analysis of structural and mechanistic properties of Cas13d effectors.
  • Compilation of reported applications and future potential of Cas13d technology.

Main Results:

  • Cas13d, a subtype of CRISPR-Cas13, exhibits high efficiency and specificity in targeting and cleaving RNA in mammalian systems.
  • Cas13d possesses unique structural and functional advantages over other Cas13 variants, making it a superior tool for RNA engineering.
  • The HEPN domains within Cas13d are crucial for its RNA cleavage activity.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas13d is a powerful and precise tool for RNA manipulation, offering significant advantages over previous CRISPR systems.
  • Cas13d holds great promise for advancing RNA engineering, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Further development of Cas13d-based tools is expected to expand its utility in various biological and medical fields.