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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Thinking Beyond Acute Kidney Injury.

Emran El-Alali1, Cesar Moreno2, Emad Al Jaber3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.

Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can signal urinary obstruction. Malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis, a rare cause of non-dilated obstructive uropathy, was the first sign of metastatic breast cancer in a patient presenting with AKI and anuria.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryBreast cancerObstructive uropathyRetroperitoneal fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical indicator in complex patient cases.
  • Postrenal AKI, often linked to hydronephrosis, can stem from diverse conditions.
  • Diagnosing urinary obstruction without significant pelvic-ureteral dilatation demands heightened clinical suspicion.

Observation:

  • A middle-aged female with no prior medical history presented with AKI and anuria.
  • Her AKI was attributed to malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis, the initial sign of metastatic breast cancer.
  • Renal imaging revealed non-dilated postrenal AKI without significant abnormalities.

Findings:

  • Malignancy should be considered in obstructive uropathy, especially in patients lacking cancer screening history.
  • Persistent anuria despite fluid resuscitation in AKI suggests complete urinary tract obstruction.
  • Non-dilated obstructive uropathy can be a subtle presentation of advanced malignancy.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must investigate beyond AKI to identify underlying causes like malignancy.
  • Early recognition of non-dilated obstructive uropathy is crucial for timely cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering malignancy in unexplained AKI with anuria.