Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve preservation technique during minimally invasive esophagectomy

This study aimed to assess the feasibility, efficacy and safety of McKeown surgery with vagal-sparing using minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE).

McKeown surgery with vagal-sparing technique using MIE was adopted on patients diagnosed with resectable esophageal cancer. From June 2020 to January 2021, a total of 20 patients from the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the National Clinical Research Center for Cancer were enrolled.

The study group included 17 (85%) males and 3 (15%) females, with an average age of 62.6 (±7.1) years. The most common tumor location was lower thoracic esophagus (n=9, 45%), followed by middle thoracic esophagus (n=8, 40%) and upper thoracic esophagus (n=3, 15%). Nine (45%) patients had T1b disease, followed by T2 (n=8, 40%), T1a (n=2, 10%), and Tis (n=1, 5%). The average operation time was 221.5 (±61.2) minutes. Postoperative complications were as follow: 2 (10%) with hoarseness, 2 (10%) with pulmonary infection, 1 (5%) with arrhythmia, 1 (5%) with anastomotic leakage, 1 (5%) with delayed gastric emptying, 1 (5%) with pleural effusion, and 1 (5%) with diarrhea. Dumping syndrome, cholestasis, and chylothorax were not observed, and there was no perioperative death.

MIE with vagus nerve preservation is a feasible and safe technique, with the possibility to be an alternative for esophageal carcinoma. Further study is needed to explore the functional outcome of preserving vagus nerve.