Mantle cell lymphoma with endobronchial involvement: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pulmonology
• Hematology

Background:

• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
• Extranodal involvement is common in MCL, but endobronchial disease is rare, with only five prior cases reported.
• MCL can present asymptomatically or with nonspecific symptoms, complicating early detection.

Observation:

• A 56-year-old male presented with a dry cough, initially diagnosed as central-type lung cancer with metastases based on CT and PET scans.
• Fiber optic bronchoscopy revealed diffuse neoplasm infiltration in the right upper lobe bronchus.
• Biopsy results from bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy confirmed Mantle cell lymphoma.

Findings:

• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) can present as a lung mass and lymphadenopathy, mimicking primary lung cancer.
• Endobronchial infiltration by MCL can be mistaken for central lung cancer.
• Diagnosis of MCL was confirmed via biopsy after initial misdiagnosis.

Implications:

• MCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung masses, especially with extranodal involvement.
• Endobronchial biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis in suspected cases of endobronchial malignancy.
• This case highlights the importance of thorough histopathological examination for rare presentations of lymphoma.