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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.8K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

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Adenovirus entry: Stability, uncoating, and nuclear import.

Urs F Greber1, Maarit Suomalainen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Molecular Microbiology
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Adenoviruses (AdVs) are common viruses. New research reveals how protein V stabilizes AdV particles in the cytoplasm and how its release at the nuclear pore complex facilitates viral DNA import.

Keywords:
DNA nuclear transportMind bomb 1 (MIB1) E3 ubiquitin ligasenuclear pore complex (NPC)ubiquitin proteasome systemvirus entry and disassembly

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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells
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In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adenoviruses (AdVs) are prevalent viruses in vertebrates, causing various infections.
  • Human adenoviruses are extensively utilized as vectors in gene therapy, cancer treatment, and vaccine development.
  • AdV particles possess a stable icosahedral capsid enclosing a DNA genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of Adenovirus cell entry, focusing on cytoplasmic transport, uncoating, and nuclear import of viral DNA.
  • To highlight the critical role of virion protein V in maintaining capsid stability and its regulation during nuclear entry.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated Adenovirus (AdV) cell entry pathways.
  • Examined the function of virion protein V in capsid stability.
  • Studied the interaction of AdV particles with the nuclear pore complex, MIB1, and the proteasome.

Main Results:

  • Identified a "linchpin" function of virion protein V, crucial for cytoplasmic stability of AdV particles.
  • Demonstrated that cues at the nuclear pore complex, involving MIB1 and the proteasome, trigger the release of protein V.
  • Showcased how kinesin motor proteins and microtubules facilitate capsid disruption, exposing protein V for ubiquitination and subsequent dissociation from viral DNA.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered novel mechanisms governing Adenovirus capsid stability and premature uncoating.
  • Provided new insights into the regulation of viral DNA nuclear import.
  • Advanced the understanding of nucleic acid transport processes within the cell.