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Published on: December 19, 2020
Long-Term Clinical Consequences of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection
Sevgi Özcan1, Orhan İnce1, Ahmet Güner2
1Department of Cardiology, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Insights
Persistent symptoms are common following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization. Healthcare providers should be aware of these mid- to long-term consequences for improved patient aftercare.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
Background:
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, frequently leads to multi-organ injury.
- Data on mid- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 post-hospitalization are limited.
- This study addresses the need for understanding long-term COVID-19 outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the mid- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients after discharge.
- To identify predictors of persistent symptoms.
Main Methods:
- A single-center, prospective study enrolled 406 discharged COVID-19 patients.
- Follow-up included face-to-face interviews and questionnaires at 3 and 6 months.
- Patients were classified by World Health Organization (WHO) severity grading (WHO-3, WHO-4, WHO-5,6).
Main Results:
- Higher WHO severity groups showed significantly longer hospital stays.
- The WHO-5,6 group had significantly longer ICU stays.
- Chest pain was the most frequent symptom (39%), decreasing over follow-up.
- Age, comorbidities, inflammatory markers, and treatment influenced cardiovascular symptom persistence.
Conclusions:
- Persistent symptoms are common in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors.
- Healthcare professionals need heightened awareness for COVID-19 aftercare.
- Understanding predictors can guide post-discharge management.
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019, putatively caused by infection with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, often involves injury to multiple organs and there are limited data regarding the mid- to long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 after discharge from the hospital. The study aimed to describe the mid- to long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 in hospitalized patients after discharge.
Methods:
This single-center, prospective study enrolled coronavirus disease 2019 patients who were discharged uneventfully from our center. All participants underwent face-toface interviews by trained physicians and were asked to complete a series of questionnaires on third and sixth months' follow-up visits.
Results:
A total of 406 consecutive discharged coronavirus disease 2019 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to World Health Organization classification as follows: World Health Organization-3 (n=83); World Health Organization-4 (n=291); and World Health Organization-5,6 (n=32). Length of hospital stay was highly, significantly increased in the higher World Health Organization groups (World Health Organization-3 vs. World Health Organization-4, P < .0001; World Health Organization-3 vs. World Health Organization-5,6, P < .0001; World Health Organization-4 vs. World Health Organization-5,6, P < .0001), whereas the length of intensive care unit stay was highly, significantly increased only in World Health Organization-5,6 group compared to other groups (World Health Organization-3 vs. World Health Organization-5,6, P < .0001; World Health Organization-4 vs. World Health Organization-5,6, P < .0001). The most frequent complaints were chest pain (39%), and the frequency of complaints decreased during the 3-6 months follow-up period. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that age, coronary artery disease, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, troponin I, D-dimer, use of steroid and/or low molecular weight heparin, and World Health Organization class were found to be independent predictors of ongoing cardiovascular symptoms.
Conclusions:
The current data demonstrated that persistent symptoms were common after coronavirus disease 2019 among hospitalized patients. This should raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding coronavirus disease 2019 aftercare.
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