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Long Noncoding RNAs That Function in Nutrition: Lnc-ing Nutritional Cues to Metabolic Pathways
Claudia D Lovell1, Montserrat C Anguera1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
Annual Review of Nutrition
|April 18, 2022
Summary
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of metabolism, responding to nutritional changes like fasting and diet. Understanding these lncRNAs offers new avenues for treating metabolic diseases and exploring sex-based differences.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Metabolism
Background:
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
- Environmental factors, particularly nutrition, influence lncRNA activity.
- Dysregulated lncRNA function is implicated in various metabolic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review lncRNAs that respond to nutritional cues (fasting, feeding, high-fat diet).
- To highlight mechanisms of lncRNA regulation and their impact on metabolic gene expression.
- To emphasize the role of lncRNAs in metabolic health and disease, including sex-based disparities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on lncRNAs in metabolic tissues (liver, adipose, muscle).
- Analysis of regulatory mechanisms controlling lncRNA expression.
- Examination of lncRNA-mediated gene regulation in metabolic pathways.
Main Results:
- Identified specific lncRNAs sensitive to nutritional status.
- Detailed mechanisms by which lncRNAs modulate key metabolic genes.
- Highlighted tissue-specific and cell-type-specific roles of lncRNAs.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs are critical mediators of metabolic adaptation to dietary changes.
- Understanding lncRNA networks is essential for comprehending metabolic disease pathogenesis.
- Investigating sex-specific lncRNA roles may explain metabolic disease disparities between sexes.
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