Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Empathy

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...

Motivational Bias

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...

Attribution Theory

Attribution Theory

Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neurofeedback of somatosensory alpha oscillations modulates sensory and affective pain through dissociable neurocognitive pathways.

Pain·2026

Same author

Prolonged S-adenosylmethionine exposure is associated with poorer treatment response and adverse outcomes in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

World journal of surgical oncology·2026

Same author

Tumour-associated high endothelial venules drive portal-specific immune evasion in lymph nodes via ALOX12.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

5-Methylcoumarins and acetophenone derivatives from Gerbera piloselloides with lipid-lowering activity.

Fitoterapia·2026

Same author

Mitochondrial fission mediates an evolutionarily conserved antibacterial defense response.

Science immunology·2026

Same author

Molecular mechanisms of shenhong tongluo formula against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights from RNA sequencing, bioinformatics, reverse network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations combined with experimental studies.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Comparing gratitude and pride: evidence from brain and behavior.

Ke Ding¹, Jinting Liu^2,3,4

¹School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience

|April 19, 2022

Summary

Gratitude promotes social bonding, while pride drives personal achievement. This review compares these emotions, revealing distinct cognitive and neural underpinnings for their unique motivational functions in humans.

Keywords:

Gratitude Neuroimaging Positive emotions Pride Reward

More Related Videos

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Gratitude and pride are distinct positive emotions with different social functions.
Gratitude fosters prosocial behavior and relationship building.
Pride enhances self-esteem and motivates achievement-seeking.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically compare the distinct motivational functions of gratitude and pride.
To explore the etymological, cognitive, and neural bases of these emotions.
To propose a neuroscientific model for understanding their dynamics.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of gratitude and pride.
Review of etymological, cognitive, and neuroscientific evidence.
Integration of brain and behavioral findings.
Application of a reinforcement learning framework.

Main Results:

Gratitude and pride share a common neural reward basis.
Gratitude is associated with theory of mind processes.
Pride is linked to self-referential cognitive processing.
Distinct motivational pathways identified for each emotion.

Conclusions:

Gratitude and pride, while both positive, diverge significantly in their cognitive and neural mechanisms.
Gratitude's link to theory of mind supports its role in social bonding.
Pride's connection to self-referential processing aligns with its achievement-oriented function.
A novel cognitive neuroscientific model integrating reinforcement learning is proposed for these emotions.