18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and PET/computed tomography for the evaluation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a systematic review
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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Francesco Dondi1, Domenico Albano1, Pietro Bellini1
1Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia.
Background:
In the last years, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has demonstrated its utility for the evaluation of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4RD). The studies are, however, really heterogeneous and different. The aim of this review is, therefore, to analyze the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT for the assessment of IgG4RD.
Methods:
A wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library databases was made to find relevant published articles about the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for the evaluation of IgG4RD.
Results:
The comprehensive computer literature search revealed 779 articles. On reviewing the titles and abstracts, 756 articles were excluded because the reported data were not within the field of interest. Twenty-three studies were included in the review.
Conclusion:
Despite some limitations that affect our review, 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT demonstrated the ability to assess IgG4RD both at initial evaluation and after therapy. In general, no correlation between PET/CT parameters and IgG4 serum levels has been reported. A possible role for 18F-FDG PET/CT to drive differential diagnosis with other disease is starting to emerge.
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