Glove-Based Hand Gesture Recognition for Diver Communication

We have developed a smart dive glove that recognizes 13 static hand gestures used in diving communication. The smart glove employs five dielectric elastomer sensors to capture finger motion and implements a machine learning classifier in the onboard electronics to recognize gestures. Five basic classification algorithms are trained and assessed: the decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, Gaussian naïve Bayes, and multilayer perceptron. These basic classifiers were selected as they perform well in multiclass classification problems, can be trained using supervised learning, and are model-based algorithms that can be implemented on a microprocessor. The training dataset was collected from 24 participants providing for a range of different hand sizes. After training, the algorithms were evaluated in a dry environment using data collected from ten new participants to test how well they cope with new information. Furthermore, an underwater experiment was conducted to assess any impact of the underwater environment on each algorithm's classification. The results show all classifiers performed well in a dry environment. The accuracies and F1-scores range between 0.95 and 0.98, where the logistic regressor and SVM have the highest scores for both the accuracy and F1-score (0.98). The underwater results showed that all algorithms work underwater; however, the performance drops when divers must focus on buoyancy control, breathing, and diver trim.