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Related Concept Videos

Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.6K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.6K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.3K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.3K
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

1.5K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
1.5K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.5K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

740
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
740

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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Random anisotropy magnet at finite temperature.

Dmitry A Garanin1, Eugene M Chudnovsky1

  • 1Physics Department, Herbert H Lehman College and Graduate School, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468-1589, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|April 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations confirm the spin-glass state in 2D random-anisotropy magnets. Freezing occurs due to energy barriers from anisotropy, not random interactions, as spins orient and

Keywords:
freezingrandom anisotropyrandom magnetspin glassstatic disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Random-anisotropy (RA) magnets exhibit complex magnetic behavior.
  • Analytical theories predict a correlated spin-glass state in 2D RA systems.
  • Experimental observations include field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetization curves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the finite-temperature behavior of a 2D random-anisotropy magnet using computational methods.
  • To validate theoretical predictions of a correlated spin-glass state.
  • To understand the mechanism behind the magnetic freezing transition.

Main Methods:

  • Finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Utilizing large lattices of one million spins.
  • Analysis of time-dependent spin-glass order parameter (q) and spin-melting time (τM).

Main Results:

  • Simulations reproduce the correlated spin-glass state.
  • Simulated magnetization curves match experimental field-cooled and zero-field-cooled data.
  • The magnetic freezing transition is driven by energy barriers from random anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the existence of a spin-glass state in 2D RA magnets.
  • Random anisotropy, not random interactions, is responsible for the freezing transition.
  • A novel description of freezing using time-dependent parameters is introduced.