Potassium nitrilotriacetate as a multifunctional modifier of the buried interface for hysteresis-reduced perovskite solar cells

Potassium nitrilotriacetate (NTAK) was employed to modify the buried SnO₂/perovskite interface. Benefiting from the coordination roles of carboxyl and amino groups, and the diffusion role of potassium ions, NTAK could enhance the bilateral connection, improve perovskite morphology, suppress non-radiation recombination, and reduce the hysteresis effect. The optimal device with NTAK modification achieved an effective power conversion efficiency of 21.02%. This was a successful attempt to improve the buried interface.