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Related Concept Videos

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Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Tricalbin proteins regulate plasma membrane phospholipid homeostasis.

Ffion B Thomas1, Deike J Omnus1, Jakob M Bader1

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|April 20, 2022
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Yeast tricalbin (Tcb) proteins maintain plasma membrane (PM) integrity by regulating phosphatidylserine homeostasis. These extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) proteins are crucial for PM repair during heat stress.

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Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) proteins are calcium-activated lipid transfer proteins found at ER-PM contacts.
  • Their precise roles in plasma membrane (PM) lipid organization are not fully understood.
  • Yeast tricalbin (Tcb) proteins, an E-Syt family, are vital for PM integrity under heat stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function of Tcb proteins in PM maintenance during heat-induced stress.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Tcb proteins contribute to PM integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative lipidomics analysis.
  • Confocal microscopy.
  • Investigating protein-protein interactions and localization.

Main Results:

  • Tcb proteins regulate phosphatidylserine homeostasis at the PM.
  • Tcb3 co-localizes with Sfk1, a PM protein involved in phospholipid asymmetry, during heat stress.
  • Tcb proteins influence the localization of Pkc1, a phosphatidylserine effector, under heat stress.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphatidylserine regulation by Tcb proteins is essential for PM integrity during heat stress.
  • This suggests phospholipid regulation is an ancient function of E-Syt family members for maintaining PM integrity.