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'SMART' implantable devices for spinal implants: a systematic review on current and future trends
Sihyong J Kim1,2, Tian Wang2, Matthew H Pelletier2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia.
Journal of Spine Surgery (Hong Kong)
|April 20, 2022
Summary
SMART spinal implants, combining traditional devices with data-logging sensors, are reviewed. Current designs primarily use strain gauges to monitor implant load and healing, with future work focusing on clinical correlation.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Medical Device Technology
Background:
- SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) implants integrate data-logging sensors with traditional orthopedic devices.
- These advanced implants aim to enhance biomechanical safety and efficacy through intelligent monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the existing literature on SMART spinal implants.
- To present findings on SMART spinal implant technology in a clinically relevant context.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Data extraction included sensor type, intended application, and patient sample size.
- Risk of bias assessment was performed using the OHAT tool.
Main Results:
- Eighteen studies were analyzed, focusing on SMART rods (8 studies) and SMART vertebral body replacements (VBRs) (10 studies).
- Patient cohorts for SMART spinal implants were small (≤20 patients).
- Seven unique SMART spinal implant designs were identified, predominantly utilizing strain gauges, with newer designs incorporating thermometers and accelerometers.
Conclusions:
- Current SMART spinal implants primarily use strain gauges to quantify implant loading and monitor healing progression.
- Future research should correlate data from SMART implants with clinical outcomes, including implant loosening and subsidence.
