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Stimulants01:29

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Kratom & Stimulant Co-Addiction: A Case Series and Brief Review.

Ibrahim M Sablaban1, Mohan Gautam1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

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|April 20, 2022
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Summary

Kratom, used for opioid use disorder, is increasingly misused with stimulants. This study highlights three cases of this overlap, urging clinical attention to this neglected correlation.

Keywords:
7-hydroxymitragynineKratommitragyna speciosamitragynineopiatesopioidsstimulants

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an accessible supplement often self-administered for opioid use disorder.
  • Its effects are primarily studied via μ-opioid and α2-adrenergic receptor agonism.
  • Clinical neglect of kratom's correlation with stimulant use is noted.

Approach:

  • Presents three unique case studies detailing kratom misuse alongside stimulant use disorders.
  • Reviews the existing literature on the correlation between kratom and stimulant use.
  • Discusses the clinical implications in the context of rising kratom use in the US.

Key Points:

  • Kratom misuse frequently overlaps with stimulant use disorders.
  • This overlap is often overlooked in clinical settings.
  • Case studies illustrate diverse scenarios of combined kratom and stimulant misuse.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of kratom and stimulant misuse requires greater clinical recognition.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full scope of this interaction.
  • Healthcare providers should screen for concurrent stimulant use in patients using kratom.