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Retinopathy of Prematurity and Possible Relation Between Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection

Maria Josa1, María José García1, Esther López1

  • 1Neonatology Unit, Pediatric Department, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer Sant Quintí 89, Barcelona, 08041, Spain.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may experience worsening due to postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Antiviral treatment successfully resolved severe ROP in four infants, suggesting improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment in premature infants.
  • Gestational age is the primary risk factor for ROP.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between ROP and postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • To evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy in managing ROP cases associated with CMV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Case series presentation of four premature infants diagnosed with severe ROP.
  • Documentation of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in all cases.
  • Monitoring of ROP progression and response to antiviral treatment.

Main Results:

  • All four patients developed severe ROP subsequent to postnatal CMV infection.
  • Antiviral therapy led to successful resolution of ROP in all treated cases.
  • No need for more aggressive therapies was observed post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may contribute to the exacerbation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • Antiviral therapy demonstrates potential in improving ROP prognosis and reducing the need for aggressive interventions.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of CMV infection in premature infants may be crucial for managing ROP.

Keywords:
Cytomegalovirus infectionPrematurityRetinopathy

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