Engineering Isopropanol Dehydrogenase for Efficient Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactors

Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive options for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration due to its low cost and simple downstream processing. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application for bioconversions. In this study, we simultaneously improved the thermostability (433-fold) and catalytic activity (3.3-fold) of IPADH from Brucella suis via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H) by 1.23 × 10⁶-fold. When these variants were employed in three typical bioredox reactions to drive the synthesis of important chiral pharmaceutical building blocks, they outperformed the commonly used cofactor regeneration systems (glucose dehydrogenase [GDH], formate dehydrogenase [FDH], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) with respect to efficiency of cofactor regeneration. Overall, our study provides two promising IPADH variants with complementary cofactor specificities that have great potential for wide applications. IMPORTANCE Oxidoreductases represent one group of the most important biocatalysts for synthesis of various chiral synthons. However, their practical application was hindered by the expensive nicotinamide cofactors used. Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive biocatalysts for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application. In this work, the thermostability and catalytic activity of an IPADH were simultaneously improved via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H). The resultant variants show great potential for regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors, and the engineering strategy might serve as a useful approach for future engineering of other oxidoreductases.