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The ArcAB Two-Component System: Function in Metabolism, Redox Control, and Infection.

Aric N Brown1, Mark T Anderson1, Michael A Bachman1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The ArcAB system regulates bacterial genes based on oxygen levels. This review explores how quinones control ArcAB activity and its role in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, impacting cellular processes and infections.

Keywords:
facultative anaerobesglobal regulatory networksmetabolic regulationmetabolismtwo-component regulatory systems

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Area of Science:

  • Bacterial Physiology and Regulation
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbial Metabolism

Background:

  • ArcAB is a two-component system regulating bacterial transcription.
  • It comprises sensor kinase ArcB and response regulator ArcA.
  • ArcAB is traditionally viewed as an anaerobic global regulator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of the ArcAB system.
  • To assess ArcAB's role as a sensor of oxygen consumption.
  • To explore ArcAB's regulation by the bacterial quinone pool.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on the ArcAB system.
  • Analysis of protein structure and function.
  • Comparison of different models for ArcAB regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The bacterial quinone pool is a primary modulator of ArcAB activity.
  • Quinone oxidation state influences ArcB activation and deactivation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ArcAB functions under aerobic conditions, challenging its anaerobic-only role.

Conclusions:

  • ArcAB regulates central metabolic pathways and interacts with other regulatory systems.
  • The precise mechanism of quinone-mediated regulation requires further investigation.
  • ArcAB's function extends beyond anaerobic regulation, with implications for aerobic processes and bacterial infections.