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Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells
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Remote neural regulation mediated by nanomaterials.

Liang Zou1,2,3, Ke Xu1,2,3, Huihui Tian1

  • 1CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nanomaterials like UCNPs, MNPs, and SNMs offer remote, minimally invasive neural regulation. This review explores their use in controlling neural circuits for disease treatment.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitymagnetic nanoparticlesneural regulationsilicon nanomaterialsupconversion nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Neural regulation is crucial for understanding neural circuits and treating neurological disorders.
  • Existing techniques like optogenetics and magnetic stimulation have limitations in precision and invasiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation.
  • To highlight remote and minimally invasive approaches using nanoparticles.
  • To discuss the potential and challenges of these novel techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of traditional neural stimulation methods (electrical, TMS, chemogenetics, optogenetics).
  • Focus on nanomaterial-based approaches: upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and silicon nanomaterials (SNMs).
  • Discussion of UCNP-mediated fiberless optogenetics, MNP-mediated magnetic neural regulation, and SNM-mediated non-genetic neural regulation.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials act as transducers for localized neural activity control via remote optical or magnetic stimulation.
  • UCNPs enable fiberless optogenetics, overcoming limitations of traditional fiber-based methods.
  • MNPs and SNMs offer alternative pathways for magnetic and non-genetic neural regulation, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterial-mediated neural regulation presents a promising frontier for precise, minimally invasive interventions.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and fully realize the therapeutic potential of these technologies.
  • These advancements pave the way for novel treatments for neurological diseases.