Risk of Post-Resection Recurrence in Pediatric Crohn Disease

Ileocecectomy related to stricturing, fistula formation, or medically refractory disease is commonly required in patients with Crohn disease (CD). Limited research exists in endoscopic recurrence (ER) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we sought to determine ER rates and the impact of therapy duration before surgery in pediatric patients with CD.

This was a single-center retrospective review of patients with CD between the ages of 2 to 20 years who required ileocecectomy between January 2015 and December 2019 at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Follow-up endoscopies, laboratory values, medications, and sPCDAI scores were recorded at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months post-resection wherever available. Modified Rutgeert scores (mRS) were independently assigned to post-resection colonoscopy images by 3 trained investigators. Post-resection outcomes were compared between patients on CD therapy >30 days before resection (late surgery) to those started on CD therapy <30 days before resection (early surgery).

A total of 48 patients underwent ileocecectomy, with a mean age at time of resection of 17 years (+/-2.3). In total, 88% of patients had a post-resection endoscopy and 57% had an endoscopy within 12 months of resection. Twenty-nine percentage had ER with a mRS ≥i2. There was no statistical difference in endoscopic and clinical outcomes after resection between the early and late surgery groups.

Post-resection endoscopic recurrence after ileocecectomy was found in 29% of our center's pediatric CD population based on mRS. Post-resection outcomes were not affected by therapy duration before resection.