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Frequency of Congenital Aortic Arch Anomaly in COVID-19 Patients

Mehmet Maruf Aydin1, Mirsad Yalçinkaya1

  • 1University of Health Sciences, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology - Samsun, Turkey.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|April 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 patients show a higher frequency of aortic arch anomalies, particularly the bovine type in males. This vascular anomaly may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand risk factors for severe disease.
  • Aortic arch anomalies are variations in the structure of the major artery leaving the heart.
  • The relationship between aortic arch anomalies and COVID-19 severity is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of aortic arch anomalies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • To assess if aortic arch anomalies, specifically the bovine type, are associated with increased COVID-19 risk or severity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of contrast-enhanced thoracic CT and CT angiography scans.
  • Inclusion of 88 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 88 control subjects.
  • Data collected from March 2020 to July 2021.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher frequency of aortic arch anomalies was observed in COVID-19 patients compared to controls.
  • Male COVID-19 patients exhibited a higher prevalence of the bovine-type aortic arch anomaly.
  • The bovine arch anomaly was more common in the COVID-19 group.

Conclusions:

  • The bovine arch anomaly may represent a potential risk factor for COVID-19.
  • Individuals with this vascular anomaly might be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the role of bovine arch anomaly in COVID-19 risk stratification.
Abstract

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