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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers.

Naiying Du1,2, Claudie Roy2,3, Retha Peach4

  • 1National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.

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|April 20, 2022
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Summary

This review covers advancements in anion-exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers, focusing on catalysts and membranes for efficient hydrogen production. Research highlights improved AEMs and catalysts, though long-term stability remains key for practical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry and Materials Science
  • Focuses on water electrolysis technologies
  • Anion-exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers

Background:

  • Emerging concepts in catalysts, membranes, and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for AEM water electrolyzers (also known as zero-gap alkaline water electrolyzers).
  • Recent progress driven by materials chemistry, MEA design, and operational optimization.
  • Anion-exchange polymer (AEP) research targets cationic structures, ionic conductivity, and alkaline stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current advancements in AEM water electrolyzer technology.
  • To highlight key challenges and future research directions in catalysts, membranes, and MEAs.
  • To discuss the performance and stability of materials under AEM water electrolyzer conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on AEMs, catalysts, and MEA designs.
  • Analysis of AEM properties including ionic conductivity and stability.
  • Evaluation of catalyst performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Main Results:

  • Numerous AEMs demonstrate ionic conductivity > 0.1 S/cm at 60-80 °C, but stability above 60 °C requires enhancement.
  • NiFe-type catalysts show high OER activity; NiFe-Co catalysts offer increased conductivity. Long-term stability and mechanisms require further study.
  • Pt-based catalysts dominate HER, with promising alternatives like PtNi alloys and Ru nanoparticles. Catalyst stability under operating conditions needs validation.

Conclusions:

  • AEM water electrolyzer technology is rapidly advancing, with single cells achieving stable operation for thousands of hours.
  • Further improvements in AEM stability at elevated temperatures and catalyst durability are crucial.
  • Adoption of in situ techniques, standardized protocols, and innovative catalyst-structure designs will accelerate progress.