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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance
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Even well-practiced movements benefit from repetition.

Katrin Sutter1, Leonie Oostwoud Wijdenes1, Robert J van Beers1,2

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Repeating movements, even well-practiced ones, reduces variability and improves precision. This finding explains why athletes perform practice swings before crucial actions, enhancing performance through repetition.

Keywords:
movement planningmovement repetitionmovement variabilityreaction time

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control
  • Motor learning
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Professional athletes often perform practice movements before critical actions.
  • The underlying reasons for this pre-performance practice are not fully understood.
  • This study investigates the impact of movement repetition on performance variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that repeating a well-practiced movement reduces its variability.
  • To understand how repetition affects the initiation and precision of movements.
  • To explore the benefits of short-term repetition in motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a center-out reaching task with four targets over four days.
  • Movement sequences of one to six repetitions to the same target were analyzed.
  • Movement initiation time and variability across the trajectory were measured.

Main Results:

  • Movement initiation time decreased with repetition.
  • Variability in movement trajectories was reduced across all repetitions.
  • The benefits of repetition were observed both within and across daily sessions.

Conclusions:

  • Movement repetition enhances performance by reducing variability.
  • Repetition alters the balance between movement initiation speed and precision.
  • Even highly practiced movements can benefit from brief, focused repetition.