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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

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Hippocampal Subfields in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Associations with Objective and Informant-Report of Memory

Deirdre M O'Shea^1,2, Liselotte de Wit², Jared Tanner²

¹Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

|April 20, 2022

Summary

In individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), larger hippocampal subfields like the presubiculum and subiculum correlate with better memory recall. These findings link specific brain structures to memory difficulties in MCI, aiding early Alzheimer's disease detection.

Keywords:

Area dentata Learning and memory Mild cognitive impairment Subiculum

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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts specific hippocampal subfields crucial for memory.
The relationship between hippocampal subfields and subjective memory complaints in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between hippocampal subfield volumes and both objective memory performance and informant-reported memory difficulties in individuals with amnestic MCI.

Main Methods:

Utilized FreeSurfer to analyze hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1-4, subiculum, presubiculum, dentate gyrus) in 56 participants with MCI.
Employed multiple linear regression to assess associations with objective memory (learning, delayed recall) and informant-reported memory issues, controlling for intracranial volume, age, sex, and education.

Main Results:

Larger volumes in the presubiculum, subiculum, and CA4/dentate gyrus were linked to higher delayed recall scores.
Increased subiculum and CA4/dentate gyrus volumes correlated with fewer memory difficulties reported by informants.
No significant associations were found between hippocampal subfields and learning scores.

Conclusions:

Memory difficulties in everyday tasks for older adults with MCI may indicate neurodegeneration.
Understanding hippocampal subfield correlates of memory difficulties enhances knowledge of functional deficits in MCI.
Identifying patterns of subfield atrophy could aid in early AD detection and personalized medicine approaches.