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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

3.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
3.3K
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
538
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Prediction of Depressed Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Using Electrocardiogram.

Haleemath Thabsheera1, B R Shivakumar1, Mohammed Hafeez1

  • 1Br Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|April 21, 2022
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Summary

Electrocardiogram (ECG) can effectively screen for low left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in adults over 40. This accessible tool aids in primary care decisions, potentially reducing the need for 2D echocardiograms in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiac failure, often due to left ventricular dysfunction, requires timely treatment.
  • 2D echocardiography (ECHO) accurately measures left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).
  • Limited availability of 2D ECHO in rural India necessitates alternative diagnostic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Electrocardiogram (ECG) in predicting low ejection fraction.
  • To assess the utility of ECG as a cost-effective and accessible screening tool for left ventricular function.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 340 participants who underwent both ECG and 2D ECHO.
  • Left ventricular EF was calculated using a specific ECG formula and the Simpson's method for 2D ECHO.
  • Comparative analysis of EF values and calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for ECG prediction.

Main Results:

  • ECG demonstrated 87.28% sensitivity and 40.12% specificity for predicting EF < 50% (64.12% accuracy).
  • For predicting very low EF < 35%, ECG showed 6.06% sensitivity and 98.91% specificity (80.88% accuracy).
  • ECG's predictive performance for low EF was notably higher in individuals aged over 40 years.

Conclusions:

  • ECG serves as a valuable bedside screening tool for left ventricular EF, particularly in patients over 40.
  • In developing countries, ECG can guide emergency management and referrals, potentially avoiding unnecessary 2D ECHO procedures.
  • ECG offers a practical, low-cost alternative for initial cardiac assessment, especially for socio-economically disadvantaged populations.