Clinical Presentation of Cases with Upper Gastro - Intestinal Bleeding

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Internal Medicine
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent medical emergency.
• UGIB presents as hematemesis or melena and requires prompt evaluation.
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a leading cause in the US, while esophageal varices are more common in regions like India.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the causes and outcomes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
• To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (EGD).

Main Methods:

• A prospective study involving 40 adult patients presenting with UGIB symptoms.
• Analysis of clinical presentation, hemogram, and endoscopic findings.
• Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to the collected data.

Main Results:

• Esophageal varices were the most common cause of UGIB (42.5%), followed by Peptic Ulcer Disease (17.5%).
• Hematemesis was a more frequent presentation than melena.
• Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (EGD) achieved a diagnostic rate of 97.5%.

Conclusions:

• Esophageal varices, often linked to alcoholic cirrhosis, are the primary cause of UGIB, especially in males.
• EGD is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool for managing UGIB.
• While many patients recover, variceal bleeding presents a significant challenge, necessitating interventions like endoscopic banding.