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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.3K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.6K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.6K
Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

12.1K
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...
12.1K
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

62.7K
Overview
62.7K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.7K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

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Histochemistry, Cytochemistry and Epigenetics.

Sohei Kitazawa1, Teruyuki Ohno1,2, Ryuma Haraguchi1

  • 1Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine.

Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating genomic and epigenomic data is crucial for understanding cancer development and treatment. This review covers histone modifications, non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation for epigenetic alteration analysis.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticshistone modificationncRNA

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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Author Spotlight: Epigenetic Modifications and Metabolic Rewiring as Targets for Cancer Therapy
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Author Spotlight: Epigenetic Modifications and Metabolic Rewiring as Targets for Cancer Therapy

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Author Spotlight: Epigenetic Modifications and Metabolic Rewiring as Targets for Cancer Therapy
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Author Spotlight: Epigenetic Modifications and Metabolic Rewiring as Targets for Cancer Therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Extensive research has identified tumor-related genes and their basic information.
  • Advancements in technology enable comprehensive gene expression testing, making oncogene panel testing feasible.
  • Epigenetic modifications, which alter gene expression without changing DNA sequences, play a significant role in disease development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the integration of genomic and epigenomic data in disease research.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding both genome and epigenome for accurate disease interpretation and treatment selection.
  • To cover recent applications of epigenetic alteration analysis in clinical specimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tumor-related genes and epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Discussion of technologies for comprehensive gene expression analysis (oncogene panel testing).
  • Compilation of data on histone protein modification, non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • Oncogene panel tests primarily focus on DNA mutations (point mutations, deletions, duplications, chimeras).
  • Epigenetic factors like histone modification, ncRNA, and DNA methylation are critical in disease.
  • Emerging applications demonstrate the potential of analyzing epigenetic alterations in histologic and cytologic samples.

Conclusions:

  • An integrated understanding of the genome and epigenome is essential for advancing cancer research and clinical practice.
  • Epigenetic alterations are highly relevant to disease development and progression.
  • This review aims to consolidate knowledge for researchers in genomic and epigenomic studies.