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COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review

Tahereh Sabaghian1, Amir Behnam Kharazmi2, Ali Ansari3

  • 1Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Frontiers in Medicine
|April 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, leading to increased illness severity and mortality. Early detection of comorbidities and renal issues is crucial for improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases mortality in hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
  • Understanding AKI's impact on COVID-19 patients is vital for improving clinical management and patient outcomes.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted, searching PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for literature up to February 1, 2022.
  • Keywords included "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", and "Acute kidney injury" to identify relevant studies.
  • Analysis focused on symptoms, complications, and treatments for AKI in COVID-19 patients.

Key Points:

  • The review included 44 studies encompassing 114 COVID-19 patients with AKI (mean age 53.6 years).
  • Common comorbidities were diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; 12 studies reported pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were the most frequent pathological findings, with an average hospital stay of 19 days.

Conclusions:

  • AKI frequently complicates COVID-19 hospitalizations, correlating with increased illness severity, longer hospital stays, and poorer prognosis.
  • Early identification of comorbidities and renal complications in COVID-19 patients is essential for better outcomes.
  • This systematic review highlights the critical need for proactive renal monitoring in COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
AKICOVID-19SARS-CoV-2acute kidney injurysystematic review

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