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A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

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sp²-to-sp³ transitions in graphite during cold-compression.

Xiaohong Yuan¹, Yong Cheng², Hu Tang^1,3

¹Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Frontier Materials Synthesis at High Pressures, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China. hansb@sustech.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|April 21, 2022

Summary

Researchers discovered a lower pressure (9.7 GPa) for graphite

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Graphite undergoes pressure-induced sp2-to-sp3 transitions.
Typically, 15-18 GPa is required for these transitions at room temperature.
High-pressure phases of graphite are generally unquenchable.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of a methanol-ethanol-water mixture as a pressure-transmitting medium on graphite's structural transitions.
To characterize the resulting sp3-bonded phases in recovered samples.

Main Methods:

In situ Raman spectroscopy
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)

Main Results:

The onset pressure for structural transition was reduced to 9.7 GPa using the MEW mixture.
An additional G_D Raman peak indicated the formation of sp3 bonding.
Recovered samples showed evidence of sp3 bonds and a unique cross-stacking feature.

Conclusions:

The methanol-ethanol-water mixture significantly lowers the pressure required for graphite's sp2-to-sp3 transition.
This study reveals the presence of quenched sp3-bonded phases with unique structures.
Findings offer insights into compression mechanisms in graphite-like materials.