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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in a Pregnancy Rat Model.

Sean N Avedissian1,2, Gwendolyn M Pais3,4, Michelle Pham1,2

  • 1Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Centergrid.266813.8 (UNMC), Center for Drug Discovery, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vancomycin crosses the placenta in pregnant rats, with higher fetal kidney concentrations observed in the third trimester. This study models vancomycin

Keywords:
pharmacokineticspregnancyvancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Vancomycin is frequently used in pregnant patients.
  • Vancomycin can cross the placental barrier, necessitating an understanding of fetal exposure.
  • Limited data exist on vancomycin's pharmacokinetic profile during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for vancomycin in pregnant rats.
  • To estimate PK parameters and describe vancomycin's mass transfer from mother to fetus.
  • To evaluate trimester-specific differences in fetal vancomycin accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (trimesters 1 and 3) received daily intravenous vancomycin (250 mg/kg) for three days.
  • Vancomycin concentrations were measured in maternal plasma and pup kidneys using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • A three-compartment model was fitted to the data using Pmetrics for non-parametric analysis.

Main Results:

  • A three-compartment model accurately described vancomycin pharmacokinetics in pregnant rats, adjusted for trimester.
  • The rate constant for vancomycin mass transit to pup kidneys was similar between trimesters (0.72 h⁻¹ in T1, 0.75 h⁻¹ in T3).
  • Median vancomycin concentrations in pup kidneys were significantly higher in the third trimester (8.62 μg/mL) compared to the first trimester (0.36 μg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • Vancomycin effectively transfers from mother to fetus during pregnancy in rats.
  • Fetal kidney accumulation of vancomycin differs significantly between early and late pregnancy.
  • The developed PK model aids in understanding vancomycin distribution for optimizing maternal and fetal safety during pregnancy.