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Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

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Published on: March 28, 2012

Processing of cell assemblies in the lateral entorhinal cortex.

Roger D Traub^1,2, Miles A Whittington³

¹AI Foundations, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.

Reviews in the Neurosciences

|April 21, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study models how olfactory information is processed in the lateral entorhinal cortex. Findings suggest downstream brain regions receive distinct odor representations due to complex network dynamics.

Keywords:

beta/gamma oscillation brain models fan cell gap junction spikelet

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Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Published on: September 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Olfactory System Modeling

Background:

Olfactory cortex generates cell assemblies (principal neurons firing together) in response to afferent input.
Understanding how these assemblies represent odors and influence downstream structures is crucial.
Lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) receives input from olfactory cortex and olfactory bulb.

Purpose of the Study:

To model the processing of olfactory information in the superficial layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex.
To investigate how olfactory cortex-generated cell assemblies induce neuronal activity in downstream structures.

Main Methods:

Developed a detailed computational model of the superficial layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex.
Analyzed the response properties of fan cells and pyramidal cell subnetworks.
Simulated the impact of recurrent excitation and synaptic/gap junctional connections.

Main Results:

Fan cell subpopulation responses can be approximated by a simple Boolean process due to sparse recurrent excitation.
Pyramidal cell subnetwork responses are more complex and cannot be simplified to a Boolean process due to strong recurrent excitation.
The model predicts differential information processing for downstream targets based on entorhinal cortex output projections.

Conclusions:

The lateral entorhinal cortex exhibits distinct processing dynamics between fan cells and pyramidal cells.
Recurrent excitatory connections significantly shape the computational properties of pyramidal cell networks.
Downstream brain regions (hippocampus, piriform cortex, olfactory bulb) receive uniquely processed olfactory information from the entorhinal cortex.