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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost.

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A third mRNA vaccine dose boosts receptor-binding domain-specific memory B cells, enhancing antibody potency and breadth. This improved immune response effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, protecting against severe disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 can infect individuals vaccinated or previously infected.
  • Three doses of mRNA vaccines provide high protection against severe disease, despite reduced protection from infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the memory B cell repertoire following three doses of mRNA vaccination.
  • To understand the impact of the third dose on antibody potency and breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of individuals receiving three mRNA vaccine doses.
  • Analysis of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B cells and their encoded antibodies.

Main Results:

  • The third mRNA vaccine dose increased and evolved RBD-specific memory B cells.
  • Antibodies from these cells showed increased potency and breadth, with new clones targeting conserved RBD regions.
  • Over 50% of analyzed neutralizing antibodies neutralized the Omicron variant after the third dose.

Conclusions:

  • Three mRNA vaccine doses induce a diverse memory B cell repertoire capable of responding to SARS-CoV-2 variants like Omicron.
  • This enhanced immune response explains the effectiveness of a third dose against variant-induced severe disease.