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Gait performance in toddlers born preterm: A sensor based quantitative characterization.

Maria Cristina Bisi1, Manuela Fabbri2, Duccio Maria Cordelli3

  • 1Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI, University of Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research - Life Sciences and Health Technologies, University of Bologna, Italy.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Sensor-based gait analysis reveals motor differences in preterm toddlers. Higher risk preterm children show less mature gait patterns, indicating potential for early detection of motor impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Developmental pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of motor difficulties in children.
  • Gait analysis using wearable sensors offers a quantitative method to assess motor performance in toddlers.
  • Early identification of deviations in motor development is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare gait performance between full-term and preterm toddlers using a sensor-based approach.
  • To identify gait differences among preterm toddlers stratified by their risk of motor delay.
  • To establish gait parameters as potential biomarkers for monitoring locomotor development.

Main Methods:

  • Inertial sensors were placed on the lower back and ankles of 2-year-old children (29 preterm, 17 full-term).
Keywords:
ComplexityMotor biomarkersMotor developmentPreterm childrenVariabilityWearable sensors

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  • Gait temporal parameters, variability, and nonlinear trunk kinematics metrics were analyzed during walking.
  • Preterm children were categorized into high-risk (born ≤28 weeks or ≤1000g) and moderate-risk groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Preterm toddlers exhibited significantly longer stance and double support phases, increased temporal parameter variability, and lower multiscale entropy compared to full-term peers.
    • Increasing risk of motor delay in preterm children correlated with longer stride, stance, and double support times, higher temporal variability, and altered entropy/recurrence values.
    • Specific gait parameters effectively differentiated between full-term and preterm toddlers, and among preterm subgroups based on motor delay risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensor-based gait analysis successfully distinguished gait patterns between full-term and preterm toddlers, and among preterm children with varying motor delay risk.
    • Preterm children, especially those at higher risk, demonstrated less mature motor control during gait, characterized by reduced stability and increased variability.
    • Identified gait parameters can serve as valuable biomarkers for monitoring locomotor development and enabling early detection of potential persistent motor impairments.