Optimal Control of a Reverse Osmosis Plant for Brackish Water Desalination Driven by Intermittent Wind Power

This work addresses the design of an online control system that continuously regulates a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant driven by wind power aided by water storage tanks. The control objective is to produce the exact hourly water demand in the presence of wind power intermittency, disturbances, and operational limitations. The manipulated variables are the RO feed pressure and the active number of RO vessels. The control system helped to decrease the annual water deficit by 20% under nominal conditions and when the plant is under the influence of disturbances. Moreover, the control system managed to decrease the annual water deficit by 73% when the plant operated under a shortage of an active number of wind turbines and RO vessels. The loss of redistributed production ratio (LPb) and the loss of raw production ratio (LP) were used as the controlled variables representing the proposed control objective. LPb was superior to LP by creating conservative control actions that produce the required water demand without violating the required water purity.