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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Mobile Narcotic Treatment Programs: On the Road Again?

Frank Breve1, Lisa Batastini2, Jo Ann K LeQuang3

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Mobile narcotic treatment programs increase access to opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder (OUD). These innovative services improve retention and reduce infectious diseases, benefiting underserved populations.

Keywords:
buprenorphinemethadonemobile methadone clinicmobile narcotic treatment programopioid rehabilitationopioid use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Mobile Health

Background:

  • Many Americans with opioid use disorder (OUD) face barriers to accessing treatment.
  • Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is effective but often inaccessible.
  • Mobile treatment programs offer a potential solution to expand OAT reach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accessibility and effectiveness of mobile narcotic treatment programs for OUD.
  • To highlight the benefits of mobile services for underserved populations.
  • To explore the integration of technology with mobile OUD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mobile narcotic treatment program models and their regulatory landscape.
  • Analysis of program outcomes, including treatment retention and infectious disease reduction.
  • Examination of patient populations served, including marginalized and rural communities.

Main Results:

  • Mobile programs expand OAT access to individuals lacking insurance, transportation, or stable housing.
  • These programs demonstrate promising retention rates, often exceeding fixed-site clinics.
  • Mobile services effectively reach marginalized, homeless, and rural populations, reducing HIV and Hepatitis C transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Mobile narcotic treatment programs are a vital innovation for increasing OUD treatment accessibility.
  • These programs offer significant public health benefits, particularly for underserved communities.
  • Integration with technology can further enhance patient engagement and counseling access.