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Active shooter mitigation techniques.

Robert Bott1, Braiden Frantz2, J Eric Dietz3

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Introducing armed personnel, such as a school resource officer (SRO) or concealed carry weapon (CCW) holder, significantly reduces casualties in active shooter events. This study modeled scenarios to assess the impact of armed responders on school safety outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Emergency Management
  • Security Studies

Background:

  • Active shooter events pose a significant threat to school safety.
  • Current mitigation strategies vary, with ongoing debate on their effectiveness.
  • Previous agent-based models have simulated school shooting scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of armed personnel on casualty reduction during active shooter events in schools.
  • To modify an existing agent-based model to incorporate school resource officers (SROs) and concealed carry weapon (CCW) holders.
  • To assess if the presence of armed first responders alters casualty rates in simulated school shooting incidents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified agent-based model based on the Columbine High School simulation.
  • Modeled RUN.HIDE.FIGHT® scenarios with varying parameters.
  • Introduced simulated school resource officers (SROs) and concealed carry weapon (CCW) holders into the model.
  • Analyzed casualty rates with and without the presence of armed first responders.

Main Results:

  • The addition of a school resource officer (SRO) significantly reduced casualty rates.
  • The inclusion of a concealed carry weapon (CCW) holder also led to a significant decrease in casualties.
  • The combined presence of an SRO and a CCW holder demonstrated the most substantial reduction in casualties.

Conclusions:

  • Armed first responders, including SROs and CCW holders, are effective in mitigating casualties during active shooter events.
  • The presence of armed personnel can decrease response times and improve outcomes.
  • School safety models indicate a clear benefit from integrating armed individuals into mitigation strategies.