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Active shooter mitigation strategies in small rural churches
Krassimir Tzvetanov1, Travis Cline2, Grant Thomas3
1Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-6625.
Journal of Emergency Management (Weston, Mass.)
|April 22, 2022
Summary
Rural churches face unique security challenges due to their remote locations. Preparedness, including armed volunteers and medical training like Stop the Bleed®, is vital for survival during gun violence events.
Area of Science:
- Security Studies
- Public Health
- Emergency Management
Background:
- Gun violence in places of worship (POW) is a documented issue, with most research focusing on urban settings.
- Rural churches are understudied and possess inherent vulnerabilities due to remote locations and delayed first responder arrival.
- This necessitates enhanced self-defense and medical response capabilities for rural POW.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address the specific security needs of rural churches concerning gun violence.
- To provide actionable strategies for preparedness, response, and deterrence in these unique settings.
- To highlight the importance of independent security and medical readiness.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on POW security.
- Incorporation of expert recommendations from physical security specialists and law enforcement (SWAT).
- Focus on best practices for prevention, deterrence, preparedness, and response.
Main Results:
- Off-duty police officers serve as a strong deterrent and response resource.
- Well-trained volunteer armed teams and clear action plans are crucial if officers cannot be retained.
- Essential medical training includes Stop the Bleed® and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation due to extended emergency service times.
Conclusions:
- Rural churches require tailored security strategies emphasizing self-reliance.
- Proactive preparedness, including armed personnel and medical training, significantly enhances survival rates.
- A multi-faceted approach combining prevention, deterrence, response, and medical readiness is critical for rural POW safety.
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