Influenza antivirals and animal models
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
Published on: January 20, 2017
C Joaquin Caceres1, Brittany Seibert1, Flavio Cargnin Faccin1
1Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Abstract:
Influenza A and B viruses are among the most prominent human respiratory pathogens. About 3-5 million severe cases of influenza are associated with 300 000-650 000 deaths per year globally. Antivirals effective at reducing morbidity and mortality are part of the first line of defense against influenza. FDA-approved antiviral drugs currently include adamantanes (rimantadine and amantadine), neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI; peramivir, zanamivir, and oseltamivir), and the PA endonuclease inhibitor (baloxavir). Mutations associated with antiviral resistance are common and highlight the need for further improvement and development of novel anti-influenza drugs. A summary is provided for the current knowledge of the approved influenza antivirals and antivirals strategies under evaluation in clinical trials. Preclinical evaluations of novel compounds effective against influenza in different animal models are also discussed.
Insights
Antiviral drugs combat influenza, but resistance is rising, necessitating new treatments. This review covers current FDA-approved drugs and emerging antiviral strategies for influenza A and B.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Influenza A and B viruses cause millions of severe cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths annually.
- Antiviral medications are crucial for reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality.
- The emergence of antiviral resistance necessitates continuous development of new influenza therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current FDA-approved antiviral drugs for influenza.
- To review novel antiviral strategies currently in clinical trials.
- To discuss preclinical evaluations of new anti-influenza compounds.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of approved influenza antivirals.
- Summary of antiviral agents in clinical trials.
- Inclusion of preclinical data on novel compounds.
Main Results:
- Current FDA-approved antivirals include adamantanes, neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), and baloxavir.
- Various novel antiviral strategies are under investigation in clinical trials.
- Preclinical studies show promise for new compounds against influenza.
Conclusions:
- Antiviral resistance is a significant challenge in influenza treatment.
- Ongoing research and development are vital for effective influenza control.
- A pipeline of novel antivirals is essential to combat evolving influenza strains.
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