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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Childbirth-Related Psychological Trauma.

Nada Pop-Jordanova1

  • 1Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Skopje, N. Macedonia.

Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na Naukite I Umetnostite. Oddelenie Za Medicinski Nauki)
|April 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Childbirth trauma affects up to 45% of mothers, with 1.5-9% developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review examines global data on birth trauma, a significant public health concern.

Keywords:
childbirthperinatal and birthperipartumpostnatalposttraumatic stress disorderstress response and trauma with the terms postpartumtraumatic stress

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Traumatic childbirth is a prevalent issue, with up to 45% of new mothers reporting traumatic birth experiences.
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth affects 1.5-9% of births globally.
  • Birth trauma is defined as an event during labor and delivery involving actual or threatened death or serious injury to mother or infant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review published data on childbirth trauma across different time periods and global regions.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence and impact of birth trauma.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycInfo, ProQuest, and PILOTS.
  • The search covered the last 20 years, yielding over 8000 articles.
  • Data from identified studies were analyzed and discussed.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes findings on the global prevalence and characteristics of childbirth trauma.
  • Identified trends and variations in birth trauma experiences across different geographical areas.
  • Discusses the psychological impact, including PTSD, associated with traumatic births.

Conclusions:

  • Childbirth trauma represents a significant international public health concern with substantial psychological sequelae.
  • Further research and interventions are needed to address the widespread impact of birth trauma.
  • Understanding global patterns of birth trauma is crucial for developing targeted public health strategies.