Extracellular Microenvironmental Control for Organoid Assembly

Area of Science:

• Bioengineering
• Tissue Engineering
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Organoids mimic organ physiology and are increasingly vital in bioengineering.
• The extracellular microenvironment (soluble molecules, ECM, biofluid flow) influences organoid quality.
• Optimal microenvironments for specific organoid engineering remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review how engineered extracellular microenvironments regulate organoid quality.
• To guide researchers in designing organoid microenvironments based on natural tissue properties.
• To summarize microenvironmental contributions to specific organoid formation and growth.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing natural tissue chemical and mechanical properties.
• Reviewing literature on microenvironment-mediated organoid formation and growth.
• Discussing organoid formation and evaluation approaches (ECM, culture, analysis).

Main Results:

• Natural microenvironment characteristics provide a blueprint for organoid engineering.
• Specific microenvironmental factors significantly impact brain, lung, intestine, liver, retinal, and kidney organoid development.
• Detailed methods for organoid formation and evaluation are presented.

Conclusions:

• Engineered extracellular microenvironments are critical for advancing organoid technology.
• Understanding natural tissue cues is essential for successful organoid engineering.
• This review provides a comprehensive guide to microenvironment optimization for diverse organoid models.