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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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Leaching of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum.

Sabrina F Lütke1, Marcos L S Oliveira2, Samuel R Waechter3

  • 1Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

Chemosphere
|April 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes conditions for extracting rare earth elements (REE) from phosphogypsum (PG). Sulfuric acid leaching at specific concentrations, ratios, and temperatures achieved high REE recovery efficiency, offering a viable waste management solution.

Keywords:
LeachingLeaching kineticsPhosphogypsumRare earth elementsReprocessing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major industrial byproduct of phosphoric acid production.
  • Extracting rare earth elements (REE) from PG presents a sustainable waste valorization opportunity.
  • Existing methods often suffer from low REE leaching efficiency or require harsh conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and optimize leaching conditions for maximizing REE recovery from PG.
  • To identify key factors influencing REE acid leaching efficiency.
  • To determine the optimal parameters for efficient REE extraction from phosphogypsum.

Main Methods:

  • A 2^4 factorial design explored factors like acid type, solid/liquid ratio, acid concentration, and temperature.
  • Central composite rotational design was employed for response surface optimization.
  • Leaching kinetics and mechanism investigations were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Sulfuric acid demonstrated superior performance over citric acid for REE leaching.
  • Optimized conditions (2.9 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, 1.7/20 g mL⁻¹ ratio, 55°C) yielded 90.0% REE recovery.
  • Leaching equilibrium was reached rapidly (approx. 20 min) for most REE.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized sulfuric acid leaching is effective for high-efficiency REE recovery from PG.
  • The process offers a promising route for phosphogypsum waste management and resource recovery.
  • Surface chemical reaction and diffusion appear to control the leaching mechanism.