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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Published on: August 30, 2018
Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Piperacillin in Critically Ill Patients and Describing Interethnic Variation
Cristina Sanches1, Geisa C S Alves1, Andras Farkas2
1Campus Centro Oeste, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Brazil.
This study developed a piperacillin population pharmacokinetic model for critically ill Brazilian patients. Dose adjustments based on creatinine clearance are recommended for optimal treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Critical Care Medicine
- Pharmacokinetics
Background:
- Piperacillin is a critical antibiotic for treating severe infections.
- Understanding its population pharmacokinetics in diverse patient groups is essential for effective therapy.
- Interethnic variations in drug response require specific modeling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for piperacillin in critically ill Brazilian patients.
- To assess interethnic variations in piperacillin PK through external validation.
- To determine optimal dosing strategies for piperacillin in this population.
Main Methods:
- Population pharmacokinetic modeling using Pmetrics software.
- Analysis of plasma samples from 24 ICU patients treated with piperacillin.
- Simulation of empiric doses to determine probability of target attainment (PTA) and fractional target attainment (FTA).
- External validation using data from 30 patients from different ethnic ICU populations.
Main Results:
- A two-compartment model effectively described piperacillin pharmacokinetics.
- Key parameters: clearance (3.33 ± 1.24 L/h) and volume of distribution (10.69 ± 4.50 L).
- Piperacillin clearance correlated positively with creatinine clearance, impacting PTA and FTA.
- External validation showed acceptable bias and precision.
Conclusions:
- Piperacillin PK parameters in critically ill Brazilian patients are comparable to other ethnic groups.
- Dose adjustment based on creatinine clearance is necessary for Brazilian patients.
- The developed PK model aids in optimizing piperacillin therapy in intensive care units.
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