Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

1.6K
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
1.6K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

825
Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
825
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

41
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
41
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

78
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
78
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium01:26

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

938
The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
938
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

3.3K
Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fetal lung elasticity changes following antenatal betamethasone administration assessed by shear-wave elastography.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Diagnosis-dependent metabolic reprogramming of follicular fluid.

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E·2026
Same author

Zona Pellucida Dynamics Integrate Biochemical and Clinical Indicators of Embryo Competence.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Reducing Photo-Oxidative Stress in IVF: A Retrospective Analysis of Cycles with Poor Blastocyst Development.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

The Placenta-Gut Microbiota Axis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Perspectives.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Microplastics, Endocrine Disruptors, and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Health Implications.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Camera-based Measurements of Intracellular [Na+] in Murine Atrial Myocytes
10:08

Camera-based Measurements of Intracellular [Na+] in Murine Atrial Myocytes

Published on: May 27, 2022

1.3K

Tissue Sodium Accumulation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.

Endre Sulyok1,2,3, Bálint Farkas1,2,4, Bernadett Nagy1,2,4

  • 1National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Excessive sodium intake contributes to cardiovascular and renal diseases by causing inflammation and oxidative stress. New research reveals nonosmotic sodium storage in skin, impacting homeostasis and cellular responses.

Keywords:
nonrenal regulationoxidative stressperinatal pathologiessalt intaketissue damage

More Related Videos

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells
09:29

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

5.8K
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Camera-based Measurements of Intracellular [Na+] in Murine Atrial Myocytes
10:08

Camera-based Measurements of Intracellular [Na+] in Murine Atrial Myocytes

Published on: May 27, 2022

1.3K
Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells
09:29

Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

5.8K
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Renal Medicine
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Excessive sodium intake is a known risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases.
  • Adverse effects include renal sodium retention, volume expansion, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of nonosmotic sodium storage in the skin interstitium.
  • To discuss the dissociation of sodium and volume homeostasis.
  • To explore cellular responses to increased tissue sodium concentration and the role of the endothelial glycocalyx.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent concepts and data.
  • Analysis of sodium storage mechanisms and cellular responses.
  • Examination of the endothelial glycocalyx's protective role.
  • Inclusion of examples of oxygen free radical involvement and clinical entities.

Main Results:

  • Nonosmotic sodium storage occurs in the skin interstitium, dissociating sodium and volume homeostasis.
  • The endothelial glycocalyx acts as a sodium barrier and buffer, protecting the endothelium.
  • Oxygen free radicals (OFR) are involved in sodium-induced tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Altered sodium storage and homeostasis contribute to tissue damage.
  • The endothelial glycocalyx plays a protective role against high sodium loads.
  • Oxidative stress is a key mechanism in sodium-induced cardiovascular and renal pathology.