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COVID-19-Associated Myocarditis: An Evolving Concern in Cardiology and Beyond

Meg Fraser1, Arianne Clare C Agdamag1, Valmiki R Maharaj1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Biology
|April 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is linked to myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. While the overall incidence is low, infected individuals face increased risks, necessitating ongoing research into diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Direct and indirect adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular system are critical, impacting disease course, clinical outcomes, and recovery.
  • Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, is a significant concern associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Rapidly evolving knowledge necessitates continuous updates for the scientific and medical community regarding COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on the incidence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated myocarditis.
  • To summarize recent data on the pathophysiology and diagnostic evaluation of COVID-19-associated myocarditis.
  • To include an update on proposed mechanisms of myocarditis in COVID-19 vaccine recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent data.
  • Analysis of incidence rates and risk factors for COVID-19-associated myocarditis.
  • Review of diagnostic tools, including serum biomarkers and imaging modalities.
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms for vaccine-induced myocarditis.

Main Results:

  • Recent data indicate a relatively low overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis.
  • Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a substantially increased risk of developing myocarditis.
  • Understanding pathophysiology and diagnostic evaluation remains crucial for managing COVID-19-associated myocarditis.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19-associated myocarditis, though not highly frequent, poses a significant risk to infected individuals.
  • Continued research into diagnostic strategies and pathophysiological mechanisms is essential.
  • Emerging data on vaccine-associated myocarditis warrant attention and further investigation.

Keywords:
COVID-19biomarkerscardiac imagingmyocarditis

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