Dynamic Changes of Platelet and Factors Related Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: A Retrospective Study in Indonesian

Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Dengue infection is a self-limited acute febrile illness caused by four serotypes of DENV (DENV-1~4). Early recognition of high-risk patients would be helpful to reduce mortality rates and prevent severe dengue. Our study aimed to identify factors related to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) based on admission-day data, and further to understand the distribution of biochemical laboratory data in dengue patients. This retrospective study was conducted in hospitals in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia, and involved febrile patients who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dengue during 2018 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to identify variables related to DHF. In this study, 1087 patients were included as suspected dengue patients, among them 468 had dengue fever (DF) and 619 had DHF. Over half of the DHF patients were males (55.9%) with an average age of 17.9 years, and with a secondary infection (71.3%). By a multivariate analysis, on-admission laboratory data of thrombocytopenia and hemoglobin showed significant association with DHF. Furthermore, DHF patients had significantly prolonged hospitalizations compared to DF patients. In conclusion, on-admission platelet counts and hemoglobin laboratory data are useful as predictors of DHF especially for suspected dengue patients with the limitations of diagnostic tests.