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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Equid Herpesvirus-2 Diagnostics in Respiratory Fluids

Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Equid Herpesvirus-2 Diagnostics in Respiratory Fluids

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Virus Infection in Equine.

Amir Steinman¹, Oran Erster², Sharon Tirosh-Levy¹

¹Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|April 23, 2022

Summary

Human-horse relationships have transformed over the past century, shifting from working partnerships to companion roles. This evolution highlights changing societal values and the enduring bond between humans and equines.

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Area of Science:

Equine studies
Human-animal interaction
Sociocultural evolution

Background:

Historical overview of human-horse partnerships, focusing on the shift from labor to leisure.
Analysis of the changing societal perceptions and roles of horses over the last 100 years.
Examination of the impact of industrialization and technological advancements on the human-horse dynamic.

Discussion:

The transition from horses as primary labor to companions and partners in sport and therapy.
Exploration of the ethical considerations and welfare standards in modern human-equine relationships.
The psychological and physiological benefits of human-horse interaction for both species.

Key Insights:

The modern human-horse relationship is characterized by mutualistic bonds, emphasizing emotional connection and shared activities.
Equine welfare and ethical treatment have become paramount, reflecting a deeper understanding of animal sentience.
Technological integration in equine management and care is enhancing welfare and performance.

Outlook:

Future research directions in equine cognition and behavior, and their implications for human interaction.
Potential for enhanced therapeutic applications of horses in human mental and physical health.
Sustainable practices in equine management and breeding for long-term coexistence.